Fixed quote
Possible when the deliverables are fully defined and the dependencies are known. Packages are fixed by design.
Range
Used when there is genuine unknown — an unfamiliar integration, unclear content volume, or a technical question that needs investigating first.
Closing the range
A short, separately-agreed investigation phase turns a range into a fixed number. That phase is small and its cost is stated up front.
What we avoid
A fixed number quoted over unknowns. It is either padded to protect us, in which case you overpay, or it is optimistic, in which case someone eats the difference mid-project.